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## org.springframework.web.servlet
Class DispatcherServlet

    java.lang.Object
      javax.servlet.GenericServlet
          javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
              org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean
                  org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
                      org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Serializable, EventListener, Servlet, ServletConfig, ApplicationListener

    public class DispatcherServlet

extends FrameworkServlet

Central dispatcher for HTTP request handlers/controllers, e.g. for web UI controllers or HTTP-based remote service exporters. Dispatches to registered handlers for processing a web request, providing convenient mapping and exception handling facilities.

This servlet is very flexible: It can be used with just about any workflow, with the installation of the appropriate adapter classes. It offers the following functionality that distinguishes it from other request-driven web MVC frameworks:

- It is based around a JavaBeans configuration mechanism.
- It can use any `HandlerMapping` implementation - pre-built or provided as part of an application - to control the routing of requests to handler objects. Default is `BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping`. HandlerMapping objects can be defined as beans in the servlet's application context, implementing the HandlerMapping interface, overriding the default HandlerMapping if present. HandlerMappings can be given any bean name (they are tested by type).
- It can use any `HandlerAdapter`; this allows to use any handler interface. Default adapters are `HttpRequestHandlerAdapter`, `SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter` and `ThrowawayControllerHandlerAdapter`, for Spring's `HttpRequestHandler`, `Controller` and `ThrowawayController` interfaces, respectively. HandlerAdapter objects can be added as beans in the application context, overriding the default HandlerAdapters. Like HandlerMappings, HandlerAdapters can be given any bean name (they are tested by type).
- The dispatcher's exception resolution strategy can be specified via a `HandlerExceptionResolver`, for example mapping certain exceptions to error pages. Default is none. Additional HandlerExceptionResolvers can be added through the application context. HandlerExceptionResolver can be given any bean name (they are tested by type).
- Its view resolution strategy can be specified via a `ViewResolver` implementation, resolving symbolic view names into View objects. Default is `InternalResourceViewResolver`. ViewResolver objects can be added as beans in the application context, overriding the default ViewResolver. ViewResolvers can be given any bean name (they are tested by type).
- If a `View` or view name is not supplied by the user, then the configured `RequestToViewNameTranslator` will translate the current request into a view name. The corresponding bean name is "viewNameTranslator"; the default is `DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator`.
- The dispatcher's strategy for resolving multipart requests is determined by a `MultipartResolver` implementation. Implementations for Jakarta Commons FileUpload and Jason Hunter's COS are included; the typical choise is `CommonsMultipartResolver`. The MultipartResolver bean name is "multipartResolver"; default is none.
- Its locale resolution strategy is determined by a `LocaleResolver`. Out-of-the-box implementations work via HTTP accept header, cookie, or session. The LocaleResolver bean name is "localeResolver"; default is `AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver`.
- Its theme resolution strategy is determined by a `ThemeResolver`. Implementations for a fixed theme and for cookie and session storage are included. The ThemeResolver bean name is "themeResolver"; default is `FixedThemeResolver`.

A web application can define any number of DispatcherServlets. Each servlet will operate in its own namespace, loading its own application context with mappings, handlers, etc. Only the root application context as loaded by `ContextLoaderListener`, if any, will be shared.

Author:
  Rod Johnson, Juergen Hoeller, Rob Harrop
See Also:
  `HttpRequestHandler`, `Controller`, `ContextLoaderListener`, Serialized Form

Field Summary
`static String` | `HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the HandlerAdapter object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the HandlerExceptionResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE` Request attribute to hold the currently chosen HandlerExecutionChain.
`static String` | `HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the HandlerMapping object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE` Request attribute to hold the current LocaleResolver, retrievable by views.
`static String` | `LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the LocaleResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the MultipartResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY` Log category to use when no mapped handler is found for a request.
`protected static Log` | `pageNotFoundLogger` Additional logger to use when no mapped handler is found for a request.
`static String` | `REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the RequestToViewNameTranslator object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE` Request attribute to hold the current ThemeResolver, retrievable by views.
`static String` | `THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the ThemeResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE` Request attribute to hold the current ThemeSource, retrievable by views.
`static String` | `VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME` Well-known name for the ViewResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.
`static String` | `WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE` Request attribute to hold the current web application context.

Fields inherited from class org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
`DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS, DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_SUFFIX, SERVLET_CONTEXT_PREFIX`

Fields inherited from class org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean
`logger`

Constructor Summary
`DispatcherServlet()`

Method Summary
`protected LocaleContext` | `buildLocaleContext(HttpServletRequest request)` Build a LocaleContext for the given request, exposing the request's primary locale as current locale.
`protected HttpServletRequest` | `checkMultipart(HttpServletRequest request)` Convert the request into a multipart request, and make multipart resolver available.
`protected void` | `cleanupMultipart(HttpServletRequest request)` Clean up any resources used by the given multipart request (if any).
`protected Object` | `createDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context, Class clazz)` Create a default strategy.
`protected void` | `doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)` Process the actual dispatching to the handler.
`protected void` | `doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)` Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to `doDispatch(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)` for the actual dispatching.
`protected List` | `getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class strategyInterface)` Create a List of default strategy objects for the given strategy interface.
`protected Object` | `getDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context, Class strategyInterface)` Return the default strategy object for the given strategy interface.
`protected String` | `getDefaultViewName(HttpServletRequest request)` Translate the supplied request into a default view name.
`protected HandlerExecutionChain` | `getHandler(HttpServletRequest request, boolean cache)` Return the HandlerExecutionChain for this request.
`protected HandlerAdapter` | `getHandlerAdapter(Object handler)` Return the HandlerAdapter for this handler object.
`protected long` | `getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request)` Override HttpServlet's `getLastModified` method to evaluate the Last-Modified value of the mapped handler.
`MultipartResolver` | `getMultipartResolver()` Obtain this servlet's MultipartResolver, if any.
`ThemeSource` | `getThemeSource()` Return this servlet's ThemeSource, if any; else return `null`.
`protected void` | `initStrategies(ApplicationContext context)` Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
`protected void` | `noHandlerFound(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)` No handler found -> set appropriate HTTP response status.
`protected void` | `onRefresh(ApplicationContext context)` This implementation calls `initStrategies(org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext)`.
`protected ModelAndView` | `processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)` Determine an error ModelAndView via the registered HandlerExceptionResolvers.
`protected void` | `render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)` Render the given ModelAndView.
`protected View` | `resolveViewName(String viewName, Map model, Locale locale, HttpServletRequest request)` Resolve the given view name into a View object (to be rendered).
`void` | `setCleanupAfterInclude(boolean cleanupAfterInclude)` Set whether to perform cleanup of request attributes after an include request, that is, whether to reset the original state of all request attributes after the DispatcherServlet has processed within an include request.
`void` | `setDetectAllHandlerAdapters(boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters)` Set whether to detect all HandlerAdapter beans in this servlet's context.
`void` | `setDetectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers(boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers)` Set whether to detect all HandlerExceptionResolver beans in this servlet's context.
`void` | `setDetectAllHandlerMappings(boolean detectAllHandlerMappings)` Set whether to detect all HandlerMapping beans in this servlet's context.
`void` | `setDetectAllViewResolvers(boolean detectAllViewResolvers)` Set whether to detect all ViewResolver beans in this servlet's context.
`void` | `setThreadContextInheritable(boolean threadContextInheritable)` Set whether to expose the LocaleContext and RequestAttributes as inheritable for child threads (using an `InheritableThreadLocal`).

Methods inherited from class org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
`createWebApplicationContext, destroy, doDelete, doGet, doPost, doPut, getContextClass, getContextConfigLocation, getNamespace, getServletContextAttributeName, getUsernameForRequest, getWebApplicationContext, initFrameworkServlet, initServletBean, initWebApplicationContext, isPublishContext, isPublishEvents, onApplicationEvent, postProcessWebApplicationContext, processRequest, refresh, setContextClass, setContextConfigLocation, setNamespace, setPublishContext, setPublishEvents`

Methods inherited from class org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean
`addRequiredProperty, getServletContext, getServletName, init, initBeanWrapper`

Methods inherited from class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
`doHead, doOptions, doTrace, service, service`

Methods inherited from class javax.servlet.GenericServlet
`getInitParameter, getInitParameterNames, getServletConfig, getServletInfo, init, log, log`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the MultipartResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the LocaleResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the ThemeResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the HandlerMapping object in the bean factory for this namespace. Only used when "detectAllHandlerMappings" is turned off.

  See Also:
    `setDetectAllHandlerMappings(boolean)`, Constant Field Values

### HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the HandlerAdapter object in the bean factory for this namespace. Only used when "detectAllHandlerAdapters" is turned off.

  See Also:
    `setDetectAllHandlerAdapters(boolean)`, Constant Field Values

### HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the HandlerExceptionResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace. Only used when "detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers" is turned off.

  See Also:
    `setDetectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers(boolean)`, Constant Field Values

### REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the RequestToViewNameTranslator object in the bean factory for this namespace.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

    public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME

  Well-known name for the ViewResolver object in the bean factory for this namespace. Only used when "detectAllViewResolvers" is turned off.

  See Also:
    `setDetectAllViewResolvers(boolean)`, Constant Field Values

### HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE

    public static final String HANDLER_EXECUTION_CHAIN_ATTRIBUTE

  Request attribute to hold the currently chosen HandlerExecutionChain. Only used for internal optimizations.

### WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE

    public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE

  Request attribute to hold the current web application context. Otherwise only the global web app context is obtainable by tags etc.

  See Also:
    `RequestContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(javax.servlet.ServletRequest)`

### LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE

    public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE

  Request attribute to hold the current LocaleResolver, retrievable by views.

  See Also:
    `RequestContextUtils.getLocaleResolver(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)`

### THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE

    public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE

  Request attribute to hold the current ThemeResolver, retrievable by views.

  See Also:
    `RequestContextUtils.getThemeResolver(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)`

### THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE

    public static final String THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE

  Request attribute to hold the current ThemeSource, retrievable by views.

  See Also:
    `RequestContextUtils.getThemeSource(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)`

### PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY

    public static final String PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY

  Log category to use when no mapped handler is found for a request.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### pageNotFoundLogger

    protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger

  Additional logger to use when no mapped handler is found for a request.

Constructor Detail

### DispatcherServlet

    public DispatcherServlet()

Method Detail

### setDetectAllHandlerMappings

    public void setDetectAllHandlerMappings(boolean detectAllHandlerMappings)

  Set whether to detect all HandlerMapping beans in this servlet's context. Else, just a single bean with name "handlerMapping" will be expected.

  Default is "true". Turn this off if you want this servlet to use a single HandlerMapping, despite multiple HandlerMapping beans being defined in the context.

### setDetectAllHandlerAdapters

    public void setDetectAllHandlerAdapters(boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters)

  Set whether to detect all HandlerAdapter beans in this servlet's context. Else, just a single bean with name "handlerAdapter" will be expected.

  Default is "true". Turn this off if you want this servlet to use a single HandlerAdapter, despite multiple HandlerAdapter beans being defined in the context.

### setDetectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers

    public void setDetectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers(boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers)

  Set whether to detect all HandlerExceptionResolver beans in this servlet's context. Else, just a single bean with name "handlerExceptionResolver" will be expected.

  Default is "true". Turn this off if you want this servlet to use a single HandlerExceptionResolver, despite multiple HandlerExceptionResolver beans being defined in the context.

### setDetectAllViewResolvers

    public void setDetectAllViewResolvers(boolean detectAllViewResolvers)

  Set whether to detect all ViewResolver beans in this servlet's context. Else, just a single bean with name "viewResolver" will be expected.

  Default is "true". Turn this off if you want this servlet to use a single ViewResolver, despite multiple ViewResolver beans being defined in the context.

### setCleanupAfterInclude

    public void setCleanupAfterInclude(boolean cleanupAfterInclude)

  Set whether to perform cleanup of request attributes after an include request, that is, whether to reset the original state of all request attributes after the DispatcherServlet has processed within an include request. Else, just the DispatcherServlet's own request attributes will be reset, but not model attributes for JSPs or special attributes set by views (for example, JSTL's).

  Default is "true", which is strongly recommended. Views should not rely on request attributes having been set by (dynamic) includes. This allows JSP views rendered by an included controller to use any model attributes, even with the same names as in the main JSP, without causing side effects. Only turn this off for special needs, for example to deliberately allow main JSPs to access attributes from JSP views rendered by an included controller.

### setThreadContextInheritable

    public void setThreadContextInheritable(boolean threadContextInheritable)

  Set whether to expose the LocaleContext and RequestAttributes as inheritable for child threads (using an `InheritableThreadLocal`).

  Default is "false", to avoid side effects on spawned background threads. Switch this to "true" to enable inheritance for custom child threads which are spawned during request processing and only used for this request (that is, ending after their initial task, without reuse of the thread).

  WARNING: Do not use inheritance for child threads if you are accessing a thread pool which is configured to potentially add new threads on demand (e.g. a JDK `ThreadPoolExecutor`), since this will expose the inherited context to such a pooled thread.

### onRefresh

    protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context)
                      throws BeansException

  This implementation calls `initStrategies(org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext)`.

  Overrides:
    `onRefresh` in class `FrameworkServlet`
  Parameters:
    `context` - the current WebApplicationContext
  Throws:
    `BeansException` - in case of errors
  See Also:
    `FrameworkServlet.refresh()`

### initStrategies

    protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context)

  Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.

  May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.

### getThemeSource

    public ThemeSource getThemeSource()

  Return this servlet's ThemeSource, if any; else return `null`.

  Default is to return the WebApplicationContext as ThemeSource, provided that it implements the ThemeSource interface.

  Returns:
    the ThemeSource, if any
  See Also:
    `FrameworkServlet.getWebApplicationContext()`

### getDefaultStrategy

    protected Object getDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context,
                                        Class strategyInterface)
                                 throws BeansException

  Return the default strategy object for the given strategy interface.

  The default implementation delegates to `getDefaultStrategies(org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext, java.lang.Class)`, expecting a single object in the list.

  Parameters:
    `context` - the current WebApplicationContext
    `strategyInterface` - the strategy interface
  Returns:
    the corresponding strategy object
  Throws:
    `BeansException` - if initialization failed
  See Also:
    `getDefaultStrategies(org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext, java.lang.Class)`

### getDefaultStrategies

    protected List getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context,
                                        Class strategyInterface)
                                 throws BeansException

  Create a List of default strategy objects for the given strategy interface.

  The default implementation uses the "DispatcherServlet.properties" file (in the same package as the DispatcherServlet class) to determine the class names. It instantiates the strategy objects through the context's BeanFactory.

  Parameters:
    `context` - the current WebApplicationContext
    `strategyInterface` - the strategy interface
  Returns:
    the List of corresponding strategy objects
  Throws:
    `BeansException` - if initialization failed

### createDefaultStrategy

    protected Object createDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context,
                                           Class clazz)
                                    throws BeansException

  Create a default strategy.

  The default implementation uses `AutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(java.lang.Class, int, boolean)`.

  Parameters:
    `context` - the current WebApplicationContext
    `clazz` - the strategy implementation class to instantiate
  Returns:
    the fully configured strategy instance
  Throws:
    `BeansException` - if initialization failed
  See Also:
    `ApplicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory()`, `AutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(java.lang.Class, int, boolean)`

### getMultipartResolver

    public MultipartResolver getMultipartResolver()

  Obtain this servlet's MultipartResolver, if any.

  Returns:
    the MultipartResolver used by this servlet, or `null` if none (indicating that no multipart support is available)

### doService

    protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request,
                             HttpServletResponse response)
                      throws Exception

  Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to `doDispatch(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)` for the actual dispatching.

  Specified by:
    `doService` in class `FrameworkServlet`
  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
    `response` - current HTTP response
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of any kind of processing failure
  See Also:
    `HttpServlet.doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)`, `HttpServlet.doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)`

### doDispatch

    protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request,
                              HttpServletResponse response)
                       throws Exception

  Process the actual dispatching to the handler.

  The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order. The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters to find the first that supports the handler class.

  All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
    `response` - current HTTP response
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of any kind of processing failure

### getLastModified

    protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request)

  Override HttpServlet's `getLastModified` method to evaluate the Last-Modified value of the mapped handler.

  Overrides:
    `getLastModified` in class `HttpServlet`

### buildLocaleContext

    protected LocaleContext buildLocaleContext(HttpServletRequest request)

  Build a LocaleContext for the given request, exposing the request's primary locale as current locale.

  The default implementation uses the dispatcher's LocaleResolver to obtain the current locale, which might change during a request.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
  Returns:
    the corresponding LocaleContext

### checkMultipart

    protected HttpServletRequest checkMultipart(HttpServletRequest request)
                                         throws MultipartException

  Convert the request into a multipart request, and make multipart resolver available. If no multipart resolver is set, simply use the existing request.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
  Returns:
    the processed request (multipart wrapper if necessary)
  Throws:
    `MultipartException`
  See Also:
    `MultipartResolver.resolveMultipart(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)`

### cleanupMultipart

    protected void cleanupMultipart(HttpServletRequest request)

  Clean up any resources used by the given multipart request (if any).

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
  See Also:
    `MultipartResolver.cleanupMultipart(org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest)`

### getHandler

    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request,
                                               boolean cache)
                                        throws Exception

  Return the HandlerExecutionChain for this request. Try all handler mappings in order.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
    `cache` - whether to cache the HandlerExecutionChain in a request attribute
  Returns:
    the HandlerExceutionChain, or `null` if no handler could be found
  Throws:
    `Exception`

### noHandlerFound

    protected void noHandlerFound(HttpServletRequest request,
                                  HttpServletResponse response)
                           throws IOException

  No handler found -> set appropriate HTTP response status.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
    `response` - current HTTP response
  Throws:
    `IOException` - if preparing the response failed

### getHandlerAdapter

    protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler)
                                        throws ServletException

  Return the HandlerAdapter for this handler object.

  Parameters:
    `handler` - the handler object to find an adapter for
  Throws:
    `ServletException` - if no HandlerAdapter can be found for the handler. This is a fatal error.

### processHandlerException

    protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request,
                                                   HttpServletResponse response,
                                                   Object handler,
                                                   Exception ex)
                                            throws Exception

  Determine an error ModelAndView via the registered HandlerExceptionResolvers.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP request
    `response` - current HTTP response
    `handler` - the executed handler, or `null` if none chosen at the time of the exception (for example, if multipart resolution failed)
    `ex` - the exception that got thrown during handler execution
  Returns:
    a corresponding ModelAndView to forward to
  Throws:
    `Exception` - if no error ModelAndView found

### render

    protected void render(ModelAndView mv,
                          HttpServletRequest request,
                          HttpServletResponse response)
                   throws Exception

  Render the given ModelAndView. This is the last stage in handling a request. It may involve resolving the view by name.

  Parameters:
    `mv` - the ModelAndView to render
    `request` - current HTTP servlet request
    `response` - current HTTP servlet response
  Throws:
    `Exception` - if there's a problem rendering the view

### getDefaultViewName

    protected String getDefaultViewName(HttpServletRequest request)
                                 throws Exception

  Translate the supplied request into a default view name.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current HTTP servlet request
  Returns:
    the view name
  Throws:
    `Exception` - if view name translation failed

### resolveViewName

    protected View resolveViewName(String viewName,
                                   Map model,
                                   Locale locale,
                                   HttpServletRequest request)
                            throws Exception

  Resolve the given view name into a View object (to be rendered).

  Default implementations asks all ViewResolvers of this dispatcher. Can be overridden for custom resolution strategies, potentially based on specific model attributes or request parameters.

  Parameters:
    `viewName` - the name of the view to resolve
    `model` - the model to be passed to the view
    `locale` - the current locale
    `request` - current HTTP servlet request
  Returns:
    the View object, or `null` if none found
  Throws:
    `Exception` - if the view cannot be resolved (typically in case of problems creating an actual View object)
  See Also:
    `ViewResolver.resolveViewName(java.lang.String, java.util.Locale)`

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